Electrochemical behavior of a Prussian blue -modified carbon paste electrode and their applications to electrocatalytic activity for hydrazine oxidation. The electrochemical behavior and stability of the modified electrodes as well as electro-oxidation of hydrazine at the electrode were investigated using cyclic voltammetry method. At the modified electrode, the oxidation of hydrazine occurs at potentials where it is not observed at a bare carbon paste electrode. The modified electrodes exhibited potent and persistent electrocatalysis for hydrazine oxidation in 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH= 7.4). The electrocatalytic current increased linearly with the hydrazine concentration in the range of 0.02-2.4 mM. The detection limit for hydrazine was estimated 1.7 ´10 -5 M. The method was successfully applied for determination of hydrazine in water samples.

We synthesized a series of cobalt-iron Prussian blue analogues in the form of nanocubes with which we tuned the amount of Cesium cation in the tetrahedral sites of the structure and varied nature of the alkali cation in the compound adopting a single microemulsion technique. Structure and morphology of the compound had been investigated by combining energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), thermo-gravimetry analysis (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (IR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopy experiments (TEM). To directly determine the coercivity, remanence and Curie temperature, superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer (SQUID) was performed. Our investigation suggests that the amount and nature of the alkali cation are critical parameters for understanding the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles.

Deposition of iron particles and pigments may have different effects on affected tissues. For differential diagnosis of each substances deposited in cells and tissues, examiners have to use specific methods for each material. This diagnosis usually based on the specific staining methods of affected tissue. Two different specific Iron staining methods Gomori and Perl’s Prussian blue were compared in this study. Among this survey 860 slaughtered Caprine were investigated histopathlogically and macroscopic Iron pigments deposition grossly found in 8 of these animals. This accumulation was in renal cortical area pertaining to cloisonné kidney disorder. After fixation in formalin buffer 10% solution, samples dyed with two specific Iron staining methods: Perl’s Prussian blue andgomori. Comparison results showed significant differences between quality and quantity of prepared histopathologic samples. For more scientific investigation, computerized analytic software Scion Image used for comparing prepared images of two different staining methods. The received data used in analytic software SPSS for statistical analysis. The results confirmed exactly more efficiency of Perl’s staining method compared to Gomori iron staining method. These superiorities were in more effective coloration of Iron pigments, peripheral cells and more contrast and resolution of stained tissues.

A novel nanocomposite consisting of graphene oxide (GO), palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) and Prussian blue (PB) was used to fabricate a non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor. A pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was modified with the mentioned nanocomposite (PB/Pd/GO-PGE) and characterized by several techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The sensor showed a significant better electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide in comparison with the single GO-PGE, PB/GO-PGE and Pd/GO-PGE. This was attributed to the synergistic effect of PB, Pd, and GO nanoparticles. The values of diffusion coefficient, D, and electroreduction kinetics parameters including electron transfer coefficient,  , and catalytic rate constant, k, were 9. 61×10-6 cm2 s-1, 0. 5 and 7. 02×105 cm3 mol-1 s-1 respectively. Furthermore, the proposed sensor demonstrated a high level of the overall performance for the analysis of H2O2 using hydrodynamic amperometry in the concentration range from 0. 2×10-6 to 0. 5×10-3 mol L-1 and detection limit of 0. 078×10-6 mol L-1 with good stability, repeatability, and selectivity. This modified electrode was also used successfully for the determination of H2O2 in real samples such as, mother’ s milk, and rain water.

In this research, a fast colorimetric method for the detection of 4-phenylthiosemicarbazid (4-PTSC) in environmental samples, is reported for the first time.Semicarbazide compounds have been used as pesticides or fungicides in agriculture and for chemical synthesis in industrial processes. With this method, one or the total amount of Semicarbazide in real samples can be detected within 6-7 min. For this purpose, 4-PTSC was determined and can be used as a representative of the Semicarbazide family. The assay principle is based on the oxidation of 4-phenylthiosemicarbazid (as reducing agent) with Ferric ions in the presence of ferricyanide ion and triton X-100 as a stabilizer, as well as the formation of Prussian Blue Nanoparticles (PBNPs). These nanoparticles exhibit a strong UV-Vis extinction band at 700 nm with high absorption coefficient (3.0× 104 M-1 cm-1 at 700 nm). A UV-Vis spectrophotometer is used to monitor changes in the absorption intensity of PBNPs. A change in the color of the solutioncan be easily observed by naked eyes, in the presence of sub-ppm levels of 4-PTSC, which is directly related to the 4-PTSC concentration. TEM images showed an average diameter of 30 nm. The effect of several reaction variables on the formation rate of PBNPs was studied. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range of 0.20-3.20 mg/mL. The detection limit was found to be 0.10 mg/mL. This method was successfully applied for the determination of 4-PTSC in different environmental samples. Interfering species with reducing properties are not commonly present in environmental samples. Hence, this optical assay is simple and has acceptable selectivity.